Battery Lifespan & Usable Charge Cycle

When operating at 50% capacity load, rechargeable external batteries will generally last longer (in terms of lifespan and usable charge cycles) under constant recharge and simultaneous discharge (also called pass-through charging or trickle usage) rather than full charge and full discharge cycles. Here's why:


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Comparison:

1. Constant Recharge + Simultaneous Discharge (Partial Cycles):

Smaller Depth of Discharge (DoD): Battery is only partially discharged before being recharged, which reduces wear on the battery cells.

Reduced Heat Build-Up: Discharging and charging slowly generates less heat compared to deep cycles.

More Charge Cycles: Lithium-ion batteries degrade less with shallow cycles. For example:

1000+ cycles at 20% DoD

~500 cycles at 80–100% DoD


Lifespan Friendly: Ideal for stationary or semi-stationary use (like UPS or solar buffer systems).


2. Complete Charge → Full Discharge (Deep Cycles):

Higher Depth of Discharge: Drains most of the battery before recharge, which causes more stress on the chemical structure.

Shorter Lifespan: Faster degradation, especially at higher loads and temperatures.

Battery Chemistry Impact: Even high-end Li-ion chemistries prefer partial over deep cycles.



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Conclusion:

If your system supports it, pass-through (constant) charging while discharging at 50% load will preserve your battery health much better over time. However, ensure:

The battery has thermal management.

It's not kept always at 100% charge without use (can lead to voltage stress).

There's no cheap BMS that might struggle with pass-through logic.


Want to optimize further? Consider a charging threshold system (e.g., charge only to 80%, discharge to 30%), which many battery management systems now allow.

Let me know what specific battery model or chemistry you're using, and I can provide optimized settings.


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